威斯敏斯德小教理問答王志勇牧師 譯註
導 讀 《威斯敏斯德小教理問答》是在一六四七年英國威斯敏斯德會議產生的。一六四八年七月為蘇格蘭大議會採納,同年九月由英國議院審查批准,直到今天一直為改革宗教會廣泛使用。它用字審慎、字義明晰,在宗教改革所產生的眾多信條和教理問答中堪稱奇葩。它既可作為教導孩童和初信者的指南,也是信徒研究神學最好的入門書。它所集中討論的是基督教的教義,而不是事實,所以它的結構不是按聖經記載中歷史的順序,而是按教義內在的邏輯順序。正如著名改革宗神學家華菲德博士(Benjamin Brekinridge Warfield,1852-1920年)所言,威斯敏斯德議會所留給後代的是“迄今為止人所撰述的最詳盡的教義陳述”,始終散發出“屬靈宗教最美的香氣”。在威斯敏斯德會議制定的文件中,最有影響的就是《威斯敏斯德小教理問答》。它作為教導基督教信仰的簡介,將基督教的教義簡明扼要地闡明,是教理問答中的傑作。目前,此教理問答仍然是改革宗教會的教義標準之一。 1.引言 “引言”部分共有三個問題,直接涉及人生的三個大問題:生活的目的、生活的標準與生活的內容。可見,基督教教義是與人的生活直接相關的。 第一問是在改革宗教會內最著名的問答之一。這一問首先將“人生的首要目的”提了出來,對於這一問題的回答乃是基督徒與非基督徒,甚至是明白真道的基督徒與稀里糊塗的基督徒之間的分水嶺。“榮耀上帝,以祂為樂,直到永遠”這一清楚而響亮的回答,顯明基督徒的人生已經從自我中心開始轉向以上帝為中心。“惟獨上帝的榮耀”,這也是宗教改革的口號之一。 第二問立即提出了“準則”或“標準”的問題,舊新約聖經中的全部聖言乃是我們基督徒信仰與行為的最高準則。此處既強調了聖經在基督徒生活中的權威性,也強調了舊新約聖經之間的連續性和統一性。今日華人教會普遍注重新約聖經,忽視對舊約聖經的研讀和講解,在信仰與生活上造成諸多的偏頗之處。而教理問答的主要作用就是使信徒對基督真道有一個全面並平衡的看法。 第三問非常凝煉地總結來看聖經的教訓,一是人對上帝當信什麼,二是上帝要人當盡什麼本分。今日很多教會受反知識、反律法這兩大毒瘤的影響,不注重向信徒講明當信什麼,只是一味強調“信”,這樣的“信”離開上帝的真道,往往有迷信、偏信、狂信的色彩。同時,也有很多教會受神秘主義和個人主義的影響,不注重個人所當盡的本分或責任,只強調個人的神秘感受和物質所得,往往使信徒或者消極閉世,或者仍然是自我中心,不能主動積極地在日常生活中榮耀上帝,造福他人。惟願這一教理問答能夠幫助更多的基督徒明白自己所信的到底是什麼,自己在這個世界上到底應當如何榮耀上帝。 2.第一部分:我們當信什麼 這一部分共有32個問答,從第4問至38問,闡明了基督徒當信的基本要道。這一部分雖然並沒有像《海德堡教理問答》一樣,明確地按《使徒信經》的內容來講解,但基本上仍然按《使徒信經》的架構闡明了聖父上帝與創造的教義、聖子上帝與救贖的教義和聖靈上帝與成聖的教義。 3.第二部分:我們所當作的是什麼 在這一部分,主要講解了十誡與主禱文,從第39問至最後107問。作為基督徒,我們都曉得當遵行上帝的旨意。關鍵是如何明白上帝的旨意。在今日中國教會中,有人主張“效法基督”,或者“以基督為標準”,也有人強調服從聖靈的“感動”和“引導”。這些話聽起來好聽,但仍然讓人無所適從。“效法基督”,當然基督徒當效法基督,但問題在於我們在哪些方面效法基督呢?我們顯然不能效法基督在海面上行走,因為基督不僅是完全的人,還是完全的上帝,聖靈在祂身上的膏抹是沒有限量的,基督所行的很多事我們都無法效法。“以基督為標準”,這更有點混亂。基督是我們的救主,怎能與“標準”混在一起呢?基督徒當然應當順從聖靈的感動和引導,但問題在於如何判斷這是來自聖靈的感動和引導呢?我們如何知道這些感動不是出於人的私慾,甚至邪靈的誘惑呢?其實,基督的教訓很簡單:“你們若愛我,就必遵守我的命令”(約14:15)。此處的“命令”就是誡命。上帝的律法和誡命就是上帝想顯明的旨意,目的就在於“為要我們殷勤遵守” (詩119:4)。當然,在這一部分也明確指出,沒有人能夠完全遵行上帝的律法,即使已經重生得救的人在今生今世也不能完全遵行上帝的誡命。因此,我們得救稱義是本乎上帝的恩典,得救之後分別為聖也是完全倚靠上帝的恩典。所以,上帝也賜給我們各樣蒙恩之道,也就是藉以得蒙上帝恩典的途經。在這一教理問答中,強調三大蒙恩之道,一是讀經聽道,二是參加聖禮,三是常常禱告。我們要善用、珍惜這三大蒙恩之道,否則我們的靈命就容易枯乾,無力活出豐盛的生命來。 一.人生的首要目的 1問:人生的首要目的是什麼? 答:人生的首要目的就是榮耀上帝(羅11:36;林前10:31),並以祂為樂,直到永遠(詩73:25-28)。 二.人生的惟一準則 2問:上帝賜給我們什麼準則以指導我們榮耀祂,並以祂為樂呢? 答:記載於舊新約聖經中的上帝的聖言(提後3:16 ;弗2:20),是指導我們榮耀祂,並以祂為樂的惟一準則(約壹1:3-4)。 三.聖經的主要教訓 3問:聖經對人主要的教訓是什麼? 答:聖經對人主要的教訓是:人對上帝當信什麼,並且上帝要人當盡什麼責任(提後1:13,3:16)。 四.上帝是怎樣的上帝 4問:上帝是怎樣的上帝? 答:上帝是個靈(約4:24),祂的存有(出3:14)、智慧(詩147:5)、權能(啟4:8)、聖潔(啟15:4)、公義、慈愛和信實(出34:6-7),都是無限(伯11:7-9)、永恆(詩90:2)、不變的(雅1:17)。 5問:上帝是獨一的嗎? 答:上帝是獨一無二,又真又活的(申6:4;耶10:10)。 6問:上帝有幾個位格? 答:上帝有三個位格:聖父,聖子,聖靈;這三個位格是同一上帝,同質,同權,同榮(約壹5: 7 [1];太28:19)。 [1] 在天上作見證的原來有三:就是聖父、聖道,與聖靈,這三位為一體— 根據希臘文Textus Receptus本和英文欽定本新譯。 五.上帝的預旨 7問:上帝的預旨是什麼? 答:上帝的預旨乃是祂隨己意定永恆的目的,為著祂自己的榮耀,預定了萬事(弗1:4,11;羅9:22-23)。 8問:上帝怎樣實施祂的預旨? 答:上帝在創造之工和護理之工中實施祂的預旨。 六.上帝的創造 9問:上帝的創造之工是什麼? 答:創造之工乃是上帝用祂權能的話,六日之內從無中造出萬有,並且都是很好的(創1;來11:3)。 10問:上帝是怎樣造人的? 答:上帝照著祂自己的形象造人,乃是造男造女,有知識、公義和聖潔,並賦予他們治理萬物的權柄(創1:26-28;西3:10;弗4: 24)。 七.上帝的護理 11問:上帝的護理之工是什麼? 答:上帝的護理之工乃是:祂極其聖潔地(詩145:17)、智慧地(詩104:24;賽28:19)、有權能地(來1:3),繼續保守,並統管祂所創造的萬有及其一切行動(詩103:19;太10:29-31)。 12問:上帝對起初受造的人有什麼特別的護理? 答:上帝創造了人,就與他立生命之約,以完全的順服為條件;並用死的刑罰,禁止他吃分別善惡樹上的果子(創2:17;加3:12)。 八.始祖是如何犯罪的 13問:我們的始祖守住起初受造的狀況了嗎? 答:我們的始祖在當初意志自由的狀況中,因犯罪干犯上帝,便從起初受造的狀況中墮落了(創3:6-8,13;傳7:29)。 14問:罪是什麼? 答:罪就是不遵行或違背上帝的律法(約壹3:4)。 15問:是什麼罪使我們的始祖從原來受造的狀況中墮落的? 答:是吃禁果之罪使我們的始祖從原來受造的狀況中墮落的(創3:6,12)。 九.始祖犯罪的後果 16問:全人類都在亞當的首次犯罪中墮落了嗎? 答:上帝與亞當所立的約,不僅是為他,也是為他的後裔,所以那按常例而生由他傳下的全人類,都在他裡面犯了罪,並在他首次犯罪中與他一同墮落了(創2:16-17;羅5:12;林前15:21-22)。 17問:墮落使人類處於什麼狀況之中? 答:墮落使人類處於罪惡和愁苦的狀況之中(羅5:12)。 18問:人墮落後所處的有罪狀況在於什麼? 答:人墮落後所處的有罪狀況在於亞當第一次犯罪所負的罪債,原義的喪失,和整個人性的敗壞,即所謂的原罪,以及由原罪所生髮的本罪(羅5 :12,19;羅5:10-20;弗2:1-3;雅1:14-15;太15:19)。 19問:人墮落後所帶來的愁苦是什麼? 答:全人類因墮落而喪失了與上帝的交通(創3:8,10,24),並處於祂的忿怒和咒詛之下(弗2:2-3;加3:10),因此當受今生的一切痛苦、死亡和地獄永遠的苦楚(哀3:39;羅6:23;太25:41,46)。 十一.上帝的救恩 20問:上帝任憑全人類在罪惡和愁苦中滅亡嗎? 答:上帝既然完全因著祂自己的美意,從永恆揀選了一些人得永生(弗1:4),便與他們立恩典之約,藉一位救贖主把他們從罪惡和愁苦中救出來,使他們進入得救的狀況(羅3:20-22;加3:21-22)。 21問:誰是上帝選民的救贖主? 答:上帝選民惟一的救贖主乃是主耶穌基督(提前2:5-6),祂是上帝的永恆之子,成為人(約1:14;加4:4),因此曾經是,並且繼續是神人二性,一個位格,直到永遠(羅9:5;路1:35;西2:9;來7:24-25)。 22問:基督既是上帝之子,是怎樣成為人的? 答:上帝之子基督取了人實在的身體(來2:14,16;10:5)和有理性的靈魂(太26:38),成為人,因著聖靈的權能,在童女馬利亞腹中成孕,從她出生(路1:27,31,35,42;加4:4),只是沒有罪(來4:15;7:26)。 十二.基督的拯救 23問:作為我們的救贖主,基督執行什麼職分? 答:作為我們的救贖主,基督執行先知、祭司和君王的職分,祂在降卑和升高中都是如此(徒3:21-22;來12:25,比較林後13 : 3;來5 : 5-7;7 : 25;詩2 : 6;賽9 : 6-7;太21 : 5;詩2 : 8-11)。 24問:基督怎樣執行先知的職分呢? 答:基督執行先知的職分,是藉祂的道和靈,向我們啟示上帝拯救我們的旨意(約1 : 18;彼前1 : 10-12;約15:15;20:31)。 25問:基督怎樣執行祭司的職分呢? 答:基督執行祭司的職分,是一次將祂自己獻上為祭,滿足了上帝的公義(來9:14,28),使我們與上帝和好(來2:17),並為我們繼續代求(來7:24-25)。 26問:基督怎樣執行君王的職分呢? 答:基督執行君王的職分,在於征服我們歸向祂(徒15:14-16),統管(賽33:22)並保護我們(賽32:1-2),抑制並戰勝祂和我們所有的仇敵(林前15:25;詩110)。 27問:基督的降卑在於什麼? 答:基督的降卑是在於生於卑微的狀況中(路2:7),處在律法之下(加4:4),受此生的苦楚(賽53:2-3;來12:2 -3),上帝的忿怒(太27:46;路22:44),和十字架上被咒詛的死(腓2:8),又被埋葬(林前15:3-4),一時處於死的權勢之下(徒2:24-27,31)。 28問:基督的升高在於什麼? 答:基督的升高是在於祂第三天從死裡復活(林前15:4),升天(可16:19),坐在父上帝的右邊(弗1:20),末日再來審判世界(徒1:11;17:31)。 十三.聖靈的工作 29問:我們怎樣才能分享基督所買來的救贖呢? 答:我們分享基督所買來的救贖,乃是靠聖靈(多3:5-6)將它有效地運用到我們的身上(約1:11-12)。 30問:聖靈怎樣將基督所買來的救贖運用到我們身上呢? 答:聖靈將基督所買來的救贖運用到我們身上,乃是藉著祂在我們裡面所生髮的信心(弗1:13-14;約6:37,39;弗2:8),這樣便使我們因有效的蒙召,從而與基督聯合(林前1:9;弗3:17)。 31問:什麼是有效的恩召? 答:有效的恩召是聖靈的工作(提後1:9;帖後2:13-14),祂使我們確知自己有罪,並處於愁苦之中(徒2:37),又光照我們的理性,使我們認識基督(徒26:18),更新我們的意志(結36:26-27),就說服我們,使我們能夠接受在福音里白白賜給我們的耶穌基督(約6:44-45;腓2:13)。 十四.救恩在今生的益處 32問:有效蒙召的人今生享受什麼福分? 答:有效蒙召的人今生享受稱義(羅8:30)、得兒子的名分(弗1:5)、成聖,以及隨之而來的各樣福分(林前1:26, 30)。 33問:什麼是稱義? 答:稱義是上帝的作為,出於祂白白的恩典,由此而赦免我們一切的罪(羅4:6-8;3:24-25),並悅納我們為義人(林後5 :19,21),這僅是因為基督的義歸於我們(羅5:17-19),且惟獨用信心才能接受的 (加2:16;腓3:9)。 34問:什麼是得兒子的名分? 答:得兒子的名分是上帝的作為,出於祂白白的恩典(約壹3:1),使我們因此被納入上帝眾子的數目中,並享有作上帝兒子的一切特權(約1: 12;羅8:17)。 35問:什麼是成聖? 答:成聖是上帝的作為,出於祂白白的恩典(帖後2:13),使我們整個的人照著上帝的形像被更新(弗4:23-24),並得以愈來愈能向罪而死,向義而活(羅6:4,6)。 36問:我們今生從稱義、得兒子的名分和成聖得到什麼益處呢? 答:今生從稱義、得兒子的名分和成聖所得的益處乃是:對上帝慈愛的確信,良心的平安(羅5:1-2,5),在聖靈裡的喜樂(羅14: 17),恩典的增多(箴4:18),和在其中至終的保守(彼前1:5;約壹5:13)。 十五.救恩在今生之後的益處 37問:信徒死時從基督領受什麼益處? 答:信徒死時,他們的靈魂在聖潔上達於完全(來12:23),並且立刻進入榮耀裡(路23:43;林後5:1,6,8;腓1:23);他們的身體仍舊與基督聯合(帖前4:14),暫時安息在墳墓中(賽57:2),直到復活之時(伯19:26-27)。 38問:在復活的時候,信徒從基督領受什麼恩惠? 答:在復活的時候,信徒既然在榮耀中復活(林前15:43),就在審判日當眾被主承認,判為無罪(太25:23;10:32),並在充分以上帝為樂中完全蒙祂賜福(林前13:12;約壹3:2),直到永遠(帖前4:17-18)。 十六.道德律與十誡 39問:上帝要人盡什麼本分? 答:上帝要人所盡的本分乃是順服祂顯明的旨意(彌6:8;撒上15:22)。 40問:上帝起初向人啟示了什麼作為順服祂的標準呢? 答:上帝起初向人啟示了道德律作為順服祂的標準(羅2:14-15;10:5)。 41問:道德律集中體現在什麼裡面? 答:道德律集中體現在十誡裡面(申10:4;太19:17)。 42問:十誡的總綱是什麼? 答:十誡的總綱就是:我們要盡心、盡性、盡力、盡意愛主我們的上帝;又要愛人如己(太22:37-40)。 十七.十誡的序言 43問:十誡的序言是什麼? 答:十誡的序言是:“我是耶和華你的上帝,曾將你從埃及地為奴之家領出來” (出20:2;)。 44問:十誡的序言教訓我們什麼? 答:十誡的序言教訓我們,因為上帝是主、我們的上帝和救贖者,所以我們有責任遵守祂的一切誡命(路1:74-75;彼前1:15-19)。 十八.第一條誡命 45問:第一條誡命是什麼? 答:第一條誡命是:“在我面前(合和本譯為“除我以外”),你不可有別的神” (出20:3)。 46問:第一條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第一條誡命吩咐我們要認識並承認上帝是獨一的真上帝,是我們的上帝(申26:17;代上28:9);並要如此去崇拜祂,榮耀祂(詩29 :2;太4:10)。 47問:第一條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第一條誡命禁止我們否認(詩14:1)、不敬拜或不榮耀真上帝為上帝(羅1:21),為我們的上帝(詩81:10-11),又禁止我們將只當歸於祂的崇拜和榮耀歸於任何受造物(羅1:25-26)。 48問:第一條誡命中“在我面前”一語特別教訓我們什麼? 答:第一條誡命中“在我面前”一語教訓我們,上帝無所不見,祂注意到人另有別神之罪,大為不悅(詩44:20-21;結8:5- 6)。 十九.第二條誡命 49問:第二條誡命是什麼? 答:第二條誡命是:“你不可為自己雕 刻偶像;也不可作什麼形像,彷彿上天、下地和地底下、水中的百物。不可跪拜那些像;也不可事奉它,因為我耶和華你的上帝是忌邪的上帝。恨我的,我必追討他的罪,自父及子,直到三四代;愛我守我誡命的,我必向他們發慈愛,直到千代” (出20:4-6)。 50問:第二條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第二條誡命吩咐我們對上帝在聖經中所指定的宗教崇拜和蒙恩之道,要接受遵守,保持純全(申32:46;太28:20;徒2:42)。 51問:第二條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第二條誡命禁止人用任何形像(申4:15-19;出32:5,8),或用聖經中所未指定的其它任何方式敬拜上帝(申12:31-32 )。 52問:第二條誡命所附加的理由是什麼? 答:第二條誡命上附加的理由乃是:上帝對我們擁有主權(詩95:2-3,6),我們是屬祂的子民(詩45:11),並且祂是忌邪的,要我們專心敬拜祂(出34:13-14)。 二十.第三條誡命 53問:第三條誡命是什麼? 答:第三條誡命是:“你不可妄稱耶和華你上帝的名,因為妄稱祂名的,耶和華必不以他為無罪” (出20:7)。 54問:第三條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第三條誡命吩咐人聖潔恭敬地使用上帝的名字(申25:28;太6:9)、尊稱(詩68:4)、屬性(啟15:3-4)、蒙恩之道(瑪1:11,14)、聖言(詩138:1-2)和作為(伯36:24)。 55問:第三條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第三條誡命禁止人褻瀆或濫用凡上帝用以顯明祂自己的一切(瑪1:6-7,12;2:2;3:14)。 56問:第三條誡命所附加的理由是什麼? 答:第三條誡所附加的理由乃是:雖然那乾犯這條誡的人可以逃避人的刑罰,但是主我們的上帝卻不容他逃避祂公義的審判(申28:58-59;撒上2:12,17,22,29;3:13)。 二十一.第四條誡命 57問:第四條誡命是什麼? 答:第四條誡命是:“當記念安息日,守為聖日。六日要勞碌作你一切的工;但第七日是向耶和華你上帝當守的安息日;這一日你和你的兒女、僕婢、牲畜,並你城裡寄居的客旅,無論何工都不可作,因為六日之內,耶和華造天、地、海和其中的萬物,第七日便安息,所以耶和華賜福與安息日,定為聖日” (出20:8-11)。 58問:第四條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第四條誡命吩咐人將聖經所規定的時日都向上帝守為聖;祂特意指定七日內一整天叫人向祂守為聖安息日(申5:12-14)。 59問:上帝指定七日的哪一日為安息日? 答:上帝從世界的開始到基督復活,指定一周的第七日為安息日;此後直到世界的末了,指定一周的第一日為基督徒的安息日(創2:2-3;徒20:7;林前16:1-2)。 60問:怎樣才是尊安息日為聖? 答:尊安息日為聖,乃是整日合乎聖潔地安息(出20:8,10;16:25-28),甚至停止平日那些合乎上帝律法的屬世職務和娛樂(尼13:15- 19,21-22);並用全部時間與眾人一起或在家中敬拜上帝(詩92標題;路4:16;徒20:7;賽66:23),只有為著必須的工作和施行憐憫所佔的時間才是例外(太12:1-31)。 61問:第四條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第四條誡禁止人對那當守的本分忽略或塞責(結22:26;瑪1:13;摩8:5),並禁止人因怠惰(徒20:7,9),或行本來有罪的事(結23:38),或對俗務或娛樂發生不必需的心思、言語或行為,以致褻瀆此日(賽58:13;耶17:24-26)。 62問:第四條誡命所附加的理由是什麼? 答:第四條誡命所附加的理由是:上帝讓我們一周之內有六日作自己的工(出20:9),祂要我們特別尊重第七日,祂自己也作了榜樣,並且賜福與安息日(出20:11)。 二十二.第五條誡命 63問:第五條誡是什麼? 答:第五條誡是:“當孝敬父母,使你的日子在耶和華你上帝所賜你的地上,得以長久”(出20:12)。 64問:第五條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第五條誡命吩咐人按照各人的尊卑長幼(弗5:21;彼前2:17),履行自己的本分,並給予對方當受的尊重(羅12:10)。 65問:第五條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第五條誡命禁止人忽略或違反各人按其地位和身分當受的尊重和當得的侍奉(太15:4-6;羅13:8;結34:2-4 )。 66問:第五條誡命所附加的理由是什麼? 答:第五條誡命所附加的理由是:有長壽和興盛的應許(只要使上帝的榮耀,自己得益處)賜給凡遵守此誡命的人(申5:16;弗6:2- 3)。 23.第六條誡命 67問:第六條誡命是什麼? 答:第六條誡是:“不可殺人” (出20:13)。 68問:第六條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第六條誡命吩咐人運用合乎上帝律法的各種方法,竭力保全自己(弗5:28-29)和他人的生命(王上18:4)。 69問:第六條誡禁止什麼? 答:第六條誡禁止我們自殺,或不義地奪去鄰舍的生命,或有任何這樣的傾向(徒16:28;創9:6)。 3、第七條誡命 70問:第七條誡命是什麼? 答:第七條誡命是:“不可姦淫” (出20:14)。 71問:第七條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第七條誡命吩咐我們在心思、言語和行為上,保守自己和鄰舍的貞潔(林前7:2-3,5,34,36;西4:6;彼前3:2)。 72問:第七條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第七條誡禁止一切不潔的心思、言語和行為(太15:19;5:28;弗5:3-4)。 24.第八條誡命 73問:第八條誡命是什麼? 答:第八條誡命是:“不可偷盜” (出20:15)。 74問:第八條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第八條誡命吩咐我們,以合乎上帝律法的方式,取得併增加自己與別人的財富和外部產業(創30:30;提前5:8;利25:35;申22:1- 5;出23:4-5,創47:14,20)。 75問:第八條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第八條誡命禁止一切不正當地損害我們自己和鄰舍的財富或外部產業的言行(箴21:17;23:20-21;28:19;弗4:28)。 25.第九條誡命 76問:第九條誡命是什麼? 答:第九條誡命是:“不可作假見證陷害人” (出20:16)。 77問:第九條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第九條誡命吩咐人維護並促進人與人之間的誠實(亞8:16),以及我們自己和鄰舍的名譽(約叁12),尤其是在作見證時更當如此(箴14:5,25)。 78問:第九條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第九條誡命禁止有損誠實,有害我們自己或鄰舍名譽的一切言行(撒上17:28;利19:16;詩15:3)。 26.第十條誡命 79問:第十條誡命是什麼? 答:第十條誡命是:“不可貪戀人的房屋;也不可貪戀人的妻子、僕婢、牛驢,並他一切所有的” (出20:17)。 80問:第十條誡命吩咐什麼? 答:第十條誡命吩咐我們要對自己的境況完全知足(提前6:6;來13:5),用正直仁愛的精神對待鄰舍及其所擁有的一切(伯31:29;羅12: 15;提前1:5;林前13:4-7)。 81問:第十條誡命禁止什麼? 答:第十條誡命禁止我們對自己的現狀不滿(王上21:4;斯5:13;林前10:10),對鄰舍的善況嫉妒、難受(加5:26;雅3: 14,16),並對他所擁有的表現出非分的舉動和感受(羅7:7-8;13:9;申5:21)。 27.罪所當受的處罰 82問:人能完全遵守上帝的誡命嗎? 答:自從墮落以來,無人能在今生完全遵守上帝的誡命(傳7:20;加5:17;約壹1:8,10);反倒天天在心思、言語和行為上,違背上帝的誡命(創6:5;8:21;羅3:9-21;雅3:2-13)。 83問:一切違反上帝律法的罪都是同等可憎的嗎? 答:在上帝眼中,有些罪因其本身,或因諸般加重情節,比別的罪更是可憎(結8:6,13,15;約壹5:16;詩78:17,32,56 )。 84問:每個罪當受什麼處罰? 答:每個罪在今生和來生都當遭受上帝的忿怒和咒詛 (太25:41;加3:10;弗5:6;哀3:39)。 28.蒙恩之道 85問:上帝為叫我們逃避因自己的罪所當受的烈怒和咒詛,對我們有什麼吩咐呢? 答:上帝為叫我們逃避因自己的罪所當受的烈怒和咒詛,吩咐我們信耶穌基督,悔改得生(徒20:21),並殷勤使用基督藉以將救贖恩惠賜給我們的一切外在工具(箴2:1-5;8:33-36;賽55:3)。 86問:什麼是信耶穌基督? 答:信耶穌基督是一種與救恩相伴的美德(來10:39),藉此使我們照福音所顯明的基督接待祂,並惟獨靠祂得救(約1:12;賽26:3- 4;腓3:9;加2:16)。 87問:什麼是悔改得生? 答:悔改得生是一種與救恩得救的美德(徒11:18),藉此一個罪人,由於確實覺知自己有罪(徒2:37-38),並領悟到上帝在基督裡的憐憫(珥2:12;耶3:22),就對自己的罪憂傷恨惡,從而離棄罪,歸向上帝(耶31:18-19;結36:31),並真心致力於順服上帝(林後7:11;賽1:16-17)。 88問:基督藉什麼外在和通常工具將救贖的益處賜給我們呢? 答:基督藉以將救贖的益處賜給我們的外在和通常工具,就是祂的賜恩之道,特別是聖經、聖禮和禱告,祂使這一切在選民身上生效,使他們得救(太28 :19-20;徒2:42,46-47)。 29.聖經與蒙恩之道 89問:聖經怎樣對人有拯救的效力呢? 答:上帝的靈使讀經,尤其是講道,成為有效的工具,使罪人知罪歸正,並使他們因著信心在聖潔和安慰上得到建造(尼8:8;林前14:24- 25;徒26:18,詩19:8;;羅15:4;提後3:15-17,羅10:13-17;羅1:16;徒20:32)。 90問:怎樣讀經聽道,才能使上帝的聖言對人有拯救的效力呢? 答:要使上帝的聖言對人生髮拯救的效力,我們必須用勤勉(箴8:34)、預備(彼前2:1-2)和禱告(詩119:18)來讀經聽道,用信與愛(來4:2;帖後2:10)去領受真道,存在心裡(詩119:11),並在生活中實行出來(路8:15;雅1:25)。 30.聖禮與蒙恩之道 91問:聖禮怎樣成為救恩的有效工具? 答:聖禮成為救恩的有效工具,並非因其本身有什麼功效,或施行者本人有什麼功德,而只是由於基督所賜的祝福(彼前3:21,太3:11;林前3 :6-7),和聖靈在那些以信心領受聖禮之人心中的運行(林前12:13)。 92問:什麼是聖禮? 答:聖禮是基督所設立的神聖的蒙恩之道,這有形的記號代表基督和新約的恩惠,並向信徒印證、施與(創17:7,10;出12;林前11: 23,26)。 93問:什麼是新約的聖禮? 答:新約的聖禮是洗禮(太28:19)和聖餐(太26:26-28)。 31.洗禮 94問:什麼是洗禮? 答:洗禮是聖禮。我們在其中奉聖父、聖子、聖靈的名受水洗(太28:19),代表並印證我們與基督聯合,承受恩典之約的恩惠,並且歸屬主(羅6:4;加3:27 )。 95問:應為誰施洗呢? 答:對有形教會以外的人,要到他們認信基督,並且願意順服祂時(徒2:38;8:36-37),才給他們施洗;但有形教會之成員的嬰孩都應受洗(徒2:38-39;創17:10,比較西2:11-12;林前7:14)。 32.聖餐 96問:什麼是聖餐? 答:聖餐是聖禮。我們在其中照基督的吩咐分發並領受餅和酒,以表明祂的死;配領受者並非屬物質地或屬肉體地,而是藉著信心領受祂的體和血,以及其一切恩惠,使他們的靈命得滋養,在恩典裡有長進(林前11:23-26;10:16)。 97問:為了配領聖餐,應當怎樣行? 答:為了配領聖餐,應當自己省察,是否有分辨主的身體的知識(林前11:28-29),是否用信心吃喝(林後13:5),是否有悔改(林前11: 31)、愛心(林前10:16-17)和新順服(林前5:7-8),免得不按理吃喝,自取審判(林前11:28-29)。 33.禱告與蒙恩之道 98問:什麼是禱告? 答:禱告是奉基督的名(約16:23),向上帝表明我們的心願(詩62:8),祈求合乎祂旨意的事(約壹5:14),承認我們的罪(詩32: 5-6;但9:4),並感謝祂的憐憫(腓4:6)。 99問:上帝賜給什麼標準,指導我們禱告呢? 答:全部聖經是指導我們禱告的標準(約壹5:14);但指導我們禱告的特別標準是基督教訓祂門徒的禱告方式,通常稱為主禱文(太6:9-13,比較路11:2-4)。 34.主禱文的序言 100問:主禱文的序言教訓我們什麼? 答:主禱文的序言是:“我們在天上的父” (太6:9),這是教訓我們要用敬畏和信靠的心就近上帝,如同兒女就近一個隨時能夠和樂意幫助他們的父親一般(路11:13;羅8:15),又是教訓我們應當與別人一同禱告,並為他們禱告(徒12:5;提前2:1-2)。 35.主禱文六大祈求 101問:我們在第一祈求中求什麼? 答:我們在第一祈求“願人都尊祢的名為聖” (太6:9)中,求上帝幫助我們和別人,在凡為祂用以顯明自身的一切事上榮耀祂(詩67 :2-3),並求祂行作萬事,使祂自己得榮耀(詩83)。 102問:我們在第二祈求中求什麼? 答:我們在第二祈求“願祢的國降臨” (太6:10)中,求上帝使撒但的國滅亡(詩68:1,18),使祂恩典的國得以進展(啟12: 10-11),使我們和別人都被接納,且蒙保守在此國中(約17:9,20;羅10:1;帖後3:1),並使祂榮耀的國速速臨到(啟22:20)。 103問:我們在第三祈求中求什麼? 答:我們在第三祈求“願祢的旨意行在地上,如同行在天上” (太6:10)中,求上帝藉著祂的恩典,使我們能夠並且願意在凡事上知道並順服祂的旨意(詩67;119:36;太26:39;撒下15:25;伯1:21),如同天使在天上所行的一般(詩103:20-21)。 104問:我們在第四祈求中求什麼? 答:我們在第四祈求“我們日用的飲食,今日賜給我們” (太6:11)中,求上帝出於祂白白的恩賜,使我們領受今生所需用的好東西,並且求祂賜福,使我們得以享用(箴30:8-9;提前4:4-5;創28:20)。 105問:我們在第五祈求中求什麼? 答:我們在第五祈求“免我們的債,如同我們免了人的債”中(太6:12),求上帝因基督的緣故,白白饒恕我們一切的罪(詩51:1-2, 7,9;但9:17-19);並且我們也受鼓勵去如此求,因為藉著祂的恩典,我們能夠發自內心地饒恕別人(太18:35;路11:4)。 106問:我們在第六祈求中求什麼? 答:我們在第六祈求“不叫我們遇見試探,救我們脫離兇惡”中(太6:13),求上帝保守我們不受試探,以致犯罪(太26:41),或是當我們受試探時,扶助我們,拯救我們(林後12:7-8)。 36.主禱文結語 107:主禱文的結語教訓我們什麼? 答:主禱文的結語說:“因為國度,權柄,榮耀,全是祢的,直到永遠,阿們。” (太6:13)這是教訓我們惟獨因上帝得禱告的鼓勵(但9: 4,7-9,16-19),並在我們的禱告中讚美祂,將國度、權柄、榮耀歸與祂(代上29:10-13);最後為了表明我們希望祂垂聽我們的祈求,又深信必蒙垂聽,就說阿們(林前14:16;啟22:20-21)。 |
The Westminster Shorter CatechismQ1 What is the chief end of man?
A. Man's chief end is to glorify God(1) and to enjoy him forever.(2) (1) 1Co 10:31; Ro 11:36 (2) Ps 73:25-28 Q2 What rule hath God given to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him? A. The word of God, which is contained in the scriptures of the Old and New Testaments,(1) is the only rule to direct us how we may glorify and enjoy him.(2) (1) 2Ti 3:16; Eph 2:20 (2) 1Jn 1:3,4 Q3 What do the Scriptures principally teach? A. The Scriptures principally teach, what man is to believe concerning God, and what duty God requires of man.(1) (1) 2Ti 1:13; 2Ti 3:16 Q4 What is God? A. God is a Spirit,(1) infinite,(2) eternal,(3) and unchangeable,(4) in his being,(5) wisdom,(6) power,(7) holiness,(8) justice, goodness, and truth.(9) (1) Jn 4:24 (2) Job 11:7-9 (3) Ps 90:2 (4) Jas 1:17 (5) Ex 3:14 (6) Ps 147:5 (7) Rev 4:8 (8) Rev 15:4 (9) Ex 34:6,7 Q5 Are there more Gods than one? A. There is but one only, the living and true God.(1) (1) Dt 6:4; Jer 10:10 Q6 How many persons are there in the Godhead? A. There are three persons in the Godhead; the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one God, the same in substance, equal in power and glory.(1) (1) 1Jn 5:7; Mt 28:19; Jn 10:30 Q7 What are the decrees of God? A. The decrees of God are, his eternal purpose, according to the counsel of his will, whereby, for his own glory, he hath foreordained whatsoever comes to pass.(1) (1) Eph 1:4,11; Ro 9:22,23 Q8 How doth God execute his decrees? A. God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence. Q9 What is the work of creation? A. The work of creation is, God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good.(1) (1) Ge 1:1-31 Q10 How did God create man? A. God created man male and female, after his own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.(1) (1) Ge 1:26,27,28; Col 3:10; Eph 4:24 Q11 What are the works of providence? A. God's works of providence are his most holy,(1) wise,(2) and powerful preserving(3) and governing all his creatures, and all their actions.(4) (1) Ps 145:17 (2) Ps 104:24; Isa 28:29 (3) Heb1:3 (4) Ps 103:19; Mt 10:29,30,31 Q12 What special act of providence did God exercise toward man in the estate wherein he was created? A. When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.(1) (1) Gal 3:12; Ge 2:17 Q13 Did our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created? A. Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.(1) (1) Ge 3:6,7,8,13; Ecc 7:29 Q14 What is sin? A. Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.(1) (1) 1Jn 3:4 Q15 What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created? A. The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit.(1) (1) Ge 3:6,12 Q16 Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression? A. The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression.(1) (1) Ge 2:16,17; Ro 5:12; 1Co 15:21,22 Q17 Into what estate did the fall bring mankind? A. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.(1) (1) Ro 5:12 Q18 Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate wherein man fell? A. The sinfulness of that estate wherein man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called Original Sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it. (1) (1) Ro 5:12,19; Ro 5:10-20; Eph 2:1-3; Jas 1:14,15; Mt 15:19 Q19 What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell? A. All mankind by their fall lost communion with God,(1) are under his wrath and curse,(2) and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever.(3) (1) Ge 3:8,10,24 (2) Eph 2:2,3; Gal 3:10 (3) La 3:39; Ro 6:23; Mt 25:41,46 Q20 Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery? A. God having, out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life,(1) did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.(2) (1) Eph 1:4 (2) Ro 3:20,21,22; Gal 3:21,22 Q21 Who is the Redeemer of God's elect? A. The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ,(1) who, being the eternal Son of God, became man,(2) and so was, and continueth to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, for ever.(3) (1) 1Ti 2:5,6 (2) Jn 1:14; Gal 4:4 (3) Ro 9:5; Lk 1:35; Col 2:9; Heb 7:24,25 Q22 How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man? A. Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body,(1) and a reasonable soul,(2) being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her,(3) yet without sin.(4) (1) Heb 2:14,16; Heb 10:5 (2) Mt 26:38 (3) Lk 1:27,31,35,42; Gal 4:4 (4) Heb 4:15; Heb 7:26 Q23 What offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer? A. Christ, as our Redeemer, executeth the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation.(1) (1) Ac 3:21,22; Heb 12:25 with 2Co 13:3; Heb 5:5,6,7; Heb 7:25; Isa 9:6,7; Mt 21:5; Ps 2:8-11. Q24 How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet? A. Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by his word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation.(1) (1) Jn 1:18; 1Pe 1:10-12; Jn 15:15; Jn 20:31 Q25 How doth Christ execute the office of a priest? A. Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice,(1) and reconcile us to God,(2) and in making continual intercession for us.(3) (1) Heb 9:14,28 (2) Heb 2:17 (3) Heb 7:24,25 Q26 How doth Christ execute the office of a king? A. Christ executeth the office of a king, in subduing us to himself,(1) in ruling(2) and defending us,(3) and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies.(4) (1) Ac 15:14,15,16 (2) Isa 33:22 (3) Isa 32:1,2 (4) 1Co 15:25; Psalm 110 throughout. Q27 Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist? A. Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition,(1) made under the law,(2) undergoing the miseries of this life,(3) the wrath of God,(4) and the cursed death of the cross;(5) in being buried,(6) and continuing under the power of death for a time.(7) (1) Lk 2:7 (2) Gal 4:4 (3) Heb 12:2,3; Isa 53:2,3 (4) Lk 22:44; Mt 27:46 (5) Php 2:8 (6) 1Co 15:3,4 (7) Ac 2:24,25,26,27,31 Q28 Wherein consisteth Christ's exaltation? A. Christ's exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day,(1) in ascending up into heaven,(2) in sitting at the right hand of God the Father,(3) and in coming to judge the world at the last day.(4) (1) 1Co 15:4 (2) Mk 16:19 (3) Eph 1:20 (4) Ac 1:11; Ac 17:31 Q29 How are we made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ? A. We are made partakers of the redemption purchased by Christ, by the effectual application of it to us(1) by his Holy Spirit.(2) (1) Jn 1:11,12 (2) Tit 3:5,6 Q30 How doth the Spirit apply to us the redemption purchased by Christ? A. The Spirit applieth to us the redemption purchased by Christ, by working faith in us,(1) and thereby uniting us to Christ in our effectual calling.(2) (1) Eph 1:13,14; Jn 6:37,39; Eph 2:8 (2) Eph 3:17; 1Co 1:9 Q31 What is effectual calling? A. Effectual calling is the work of God's Spirit,(1) whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery,(2) enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ,(3) and renewing our wills,(4) he doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel.(5) (1) 2 Tim 1:9; 2Th 2:13,14 (2) Ac 2:37 (3) Ac 26:18 (4) Eze 36:26,27 (5) Jn 6:44,45; Php 2:13 Q32 What benefits do they that are effectually called partake of in this life? A. They that are effectually called do in this life partake of justification,(1) adoption,(2) and sanctification, and the several benefits which in this life do either accompany or flow from them.(3) (1) Ro 8:30 (2) Eph 1:5 (3) 1Co 1:26,30 Q33 What is justification? A. Justification is an act of God's free grace, wherein he pardoneth all our sins,(1) and accepteth us as righteous in his sight,(2) only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us,(3) and received by faith alone.(4) (1) Ro 3:24,25; Ro 4:6-8 (2) 2Co 5:19,21 (3) Ro 5:17-19 (4) Gal 2:16; Php 3:9 Q34 What is adoption? A. Adoption is an act of God's free grace,(1) whereby we are received into the number, and have a right to all the privileges of the sons of God.(2) (1) 1Jn 3:1 (2) Jn 1:12; Ro 8:17 Q35 What is sanctification? A. Sanctification is the work of God's free grace,(1) whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God,(2) and are enabled more and more to die unto sin, and live unto righteousness.(3) (1) 2Th 2:13 (2) Eph 4:23,24 (3) Ro 6:4,6; Ro 8:1 Q36 What are the benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification? A. The benefits which in this life do accompany or flow from justification, adoption, and sanctification, are, assurance of God's love, peace of conscience,(1) joy in the Holy Ghost,(2) increase of grace,(3) and perseverance therein to the end.(4) (1) Ro 5:1,2,5 (2) Ro 14:17 (3) Pr 4:18 (4) 1Jn 5:13; 1Pe 1:5 Q37 What benefits do believers receive from Christ at death? A. The souls of believers are at their death made perfect in holiness,(1) and do immediately pass into glory;(2) and their bodies, being still united in Christ,(3) do rest in their graves,(4) till the resurrection.(5) (1) Heb 12:23 (2) 2Co 5:1,6,8; Php 1:23; Lk 23:43 (3) 1Th 4:14 (4) Isa 57:2 (5) Job. 19:26,27 Q38 What benefits do believers receive from Christ at the resurrection? A. At the resurrection, believers being raised up in glory,(1) shall be openly acknowledged and acquitted in the day of judgment,(2) and made perfectly blessed in the full enjoying of God(3) to all eternity.(4) (1) 1Co 15:43 (2) Mt 25:23; Mt 10:32 (3) 1Jn 3:2; 1Co 13:12 (4) 1Th 4:17,18 Q39 What is the duty which God requireth of man? A. The duty which God requireth of man, is obedience to his revealed will.(1) (1) Mic 6:8; 1Sa 15:22 Q40 What did God at first reveal to man for the rule of his obedience? A. The rule which God at first revealed to man for his obedience, was the moral law.(1) (1) Ro 2:14,15; Ro 10:5 Q41 Where is the moral law summarily comprehended? A. The moral law is summarily comprehended in the ten commandments.(1) (1) Dt 10:4; Mt 19:17 Q42 What is the sum of the ten commandments? A. The sum of the ten commandments is, To love the Lord our God with all our heart, with all our soul, with all our strength, and with all our mind; and our neighbor as ourselves.(1) (1) Mt 22:37-40 Q43 What is the preface to the ten commandments? A. The preface to the ten commandments is in these words, I am the Lord thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.(1) (1) Ex 20:2 Q44 What doth the preface to the ten commandments teach us? A. The preface to the ten commandments teacheth us, That because God is the Lord, and our God, and Redeemer, therefore we are bound to keep all his commandments.(1) (1) Lk 1:74,75; 1Pe 1:15-19 Q45 Which is the first commandment? A. The first commandment is, Thou shalt have no other gods before me.(1) (1) Ex 20:3 Q46 What is required in the first commandment? A. The first commandment requireth us to know and acknowledge God to be the only true God, and our God;(1) and to worship and glorify him accordingly.(2) (1) 1Ch 28:9; Dt 26:17 (2) Mt 4:10; Ps 29:2 Q47 What is forbidden in the first commandment? A. The first commandment forbiddeth the denying,(1) or not worshipping and glorifying the true God as God,(2) and our God;(3) and the giving of that worship and glory to any other, which is due to him alone.(4) (1) Ps 14:1 (2) Ro 1:21 (3) Ps 81:10,11 (4) Ro 1:25,26 Q48 What are we specially taught by these words before me in the first commandment? A. These words before me in the first commandment teach us, That God, who seeth all things, taketh notice of, and is much displeased with, the sin of having any other God.(1) (1) Eze 8:5,6; Ps 46:20,21 Q49 Which is the second commandment? A. The second commandment is, Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy am a jealous , visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.(1) (1) Ex 20:4,5,6 Q50 What is required in the second commandment? A. The second commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances as God hath appointed in his word.(1) (1) Dt 32:46; Mt 28:20; Ac 2:42 Q51 What is forbidden in the second commandment? A. The second commandment forbiddeth the worshipping of God by images,(1) or any other way not appointed in his word.(2) (1) Dt 4:15-19; Ex 32:5,8 (2) Dt 12:31,32 Q52 What are the reasons annexed to the second commandment? A. The reasons annexed to the second commandment are, God's sovereignty over us,(1) his propriety in us,(2) and the zeal he hath to his own worship.(3) (1) Ps 95:2,6 (2) Ps 45:11 (3) Ex 34:13,14 Q53 Which is the third commandment? A. The third commandment is, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord they in vain: for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.(1) (1) Ex 20:7 Q54 What is required in the third commandment? A. The third commandment requireth the holy and reverend use of God's names,(1) titles,(2) attributes,(3) ordinances,(4) word,(5) and works.(6) (1) Mt 6:9; Dt 28:58 (2) Ps 68:4 (3) Rev 15:3,4 (4) Mal 1:11,14 (5) Ps 138:1,2 (6) Job 36:24 Q55 What is forbidden in the third commandment? A. The third commandment forbiddeth all profaning or abusing of any thing whereby God maketh himself known.(1) (1) Mal 1:6,7,12; Mal 2:2; Mal 3:14 Q56 What is the reason annexed to the third commandment? A. The reason annexed to the third commandment is, That however the breakers of this commandment may escape punishment from men, yet the Lord our God will not suffer them to escape his righteous judgment.(1) (1) 1Sa 2:12,17,22,29; 1Sa 3:13; Dt 28:58,59 Q57 Which is the fourth commandment? A. The fourth commandment is, Remember the sabbath-day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath-day, and hallowed it.(1) (1) Ex 20:8-11 Q58 What is required in the fourth commandment? A. The fourth commandment requireth the keeping holy to God such set times as he hath appointed in his word; expressly one whole day in seven, to be a holy sabbath to himself.(1) (1) Dt 5:12,13,14 Q59 Which day of the seven hath God appointed to be the weekly sabbath? A. From the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, God appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly sabbath; and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the world, which is the Christian sabbath.(1) (1) Ge 2:2,3; 1Co 16:1,2; Ac 20:7 Q60 How is the sabbath to be sanctified? A. The sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day,(1) even from such worldly employments and recreations as are lawful on other days;(2) and spending the whole time in the public and private exercises of God's worship,(3) except so much as is to be taken up in the works of necessity and mercy.(4) (1) Ex 20:8,10; Ex 16:25-28 (2) Ne 13:15-19,21,22 (3) Lk 4:16; Ac 20:7; Ps 92:(title); Isa 66:23 (4) Mt 12:1-31 Q61 What is forbidden in the fourth commandment? A. The fourth commandment forbiddeth the omission or careless performance of the duties required,(1) and the profaning the day by idleness,(2) or doing that which is in itself sinful,(3) or by unnecessary thoughts, words, or works, about our worldly employments or recreations.(4) (1) Eze 22:26; Am 8:5; Mal 1:13 (2) Ac 20:7,9 (3) Eze 23:38 (4) Jer 17:24-26; Isa 58:13 Q62 What are the reasons annexed to the fourth commandment? A. The reasons annexed to the fourth commandment are, God's allowing us six days of the week for our own employments,(1) his challenging a special propriety in the seventh, his own example, and his blessing the sabbath-day.(2) (1) Ex 20:9 (2) Ex 20:11 Q63 Which is the fifth commandment? A. The fifth commandment is, Honour thy father and thy mother; that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.(1) (1) Ex 20:12 Q64 What is required in the fifth commandment? A. The fifth commandment requireth the preserving the honour, and performing the duties, belonging to every one in their several places and relations, as superiors,(1) inferiors,(2) or equals.(3) (1) Eph 5:21 (2) 1Pe 2:17 (3) Ro 12:10 Q65 What is forbidden in the fifth commandment? A. The fifth commandment forbiddeth the neglecting of, or doing any thing against, the honour and duty which belongeth to every one in their several places and relations.(1) (1) Mt 15:4-6; Eze 34:2-4; Ro 13:8 Q66 What is the reason annexed to the fifth commandment? A. The reasons annexed to the fifth commandment, is a promise of long life and prosperity (as far as it shall serve for God's glory and their own good) to all such as keep this commandment.(1) (1) Dt 5:16; Eph 6:2,3 Q67 Which is the sixth commandment? A. The sixth commandment is, Thou shalt not kill.(1) (1) Ex 20:13 Q68 What is required in the sixth commandment? A. The sixth commandment requireth all lawful endeavours to preserve our own life,(1) and the life of others.(2) (1) Eph 5:28,29 (2) 1Ki 18:4 Q69 What is forbidden. in the sixth commandment? A. The sixth commandment forbiddeth the taking away of our own life, or the life of our neighbour unjustly, or whatsoever tendeth thereunto.(1) (1) Ac 16:28; Ge 9:6 Q70 Which is the seventh commandment? A. The seventh commandment is, Thou shalt not commit adultery.(1) (1) Ex 20:14 Q71 What is required in the seventh commandment? A. The seventh commandment requireth the preservation of our own and our neighbour's chastity, in heart, speech, and behaviour.(1) (1) 1Co 7:2,3,5,34,36; Col 4:6; 1Pe 3:2 Q72 What is forbidden in the seventh commandment? A. The seventh commandment forbiddeth all unchaste thoughts, words,and actions.(1) (1) Mt 15:19; Mt 5:28; Eph 5:3,4 Q73 Which is the eighth commandment? A. The eighth commandment is, Thou shalt not steal.(1) (1) Ex 20:15 Q74 What is required in the eighth commandment? A. The eighth commandment requireth the lawful procuring and furthering the wealth and outward estate of ourselves and others.(1) (1) Ge 30:30; 1Ti 5:8; Lev 25:35; Dt 22:1-5; Ex 23:4,5; Ge 47:14,20 Q75 What is forbidden in the eighth commandment? A. The eighth commandment forbiddeth whatsoever doth or may unjustly hinder our own or our neighbour's wealth or outward estate.(1) (1) Pr 21:17; Pr 23:20,21; Pr 28:19; Eph 4:28 Q76 Which is the ninth commandment? A. The ninth commandment is, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.(1) (1) Ex 20:16 Q77 What is required in the ninth commandment? A. The ninth commandment requireth the maintaining and promoting of truth between man and man,(1) and of our own and our neighbour's good name,(2) especially in witness-bearing.(3) (1) Zec 8:16 (2) 3 Jn 12 (3)Pr 14:5,25 Q78 What is forbidden in the ninth commandment? A. The ninth commandment forbiddeth whatsoever is prejudicial to truth, or injurious to our own or our neighbour's good name.(1) (1) 1Sa 17:28; Lev 19:16; Ps 15:3 Q79 Which is the tenth commandment? A. The tenth commandment is, Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.(1) (1) Ex 20:17 Q80 What is required in the tenth commandment? A. The tenth commandment requireth full contentment with our own condition,(1) with a right and charitable frame of spirit toward our neighbour, and all that is his.(2) (1) Heb 13:5; 1Ti 6:6 (2) Job 31:29; Ro 12:15; 1Ti 1:5; 1Co 13:4-7 Q81 What is forbidden in the tenth commandment? A. The tenth commandment forbiddeth all discontentment with our own estate,(1) envying or grieving at the good of our neighbour,(2) and all inordinate motions and affections to any thing that is his.(3) (1) 1Ki 21:4; Esther 5:13; 1Co 10:10 (2) Gal 5:26; Jas 3:14,16 (3) Ro 7:7,8; Ro 13:9; Dt 5:21 Q82 Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God? A. No mere man since the fall is able in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God,(1) but doth daily break them in thought, word, and deed.(2) (1) Ecc 7:20; 1Jn 1:8,10; Gal 5:17 (2) Ge 6:5; Ge 8:21; Ro 3:9-21; Jas 3:2-13 Q83 Are all transgressions of the law equally heinous? A. Some sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations, are more heinous in the sight of God than others.(1) (1) Eze 8:6,13,15; 1Jn 5:16; Ps 78:17,32,56 Q84 What doth every sin deserve? A. Every sin deserveth God's wrath and curse, both in this life, and that which is to come.(1) (1) Eph 5:6; Gal 3:10; La 3:39; Mt 25:41 Q85 What doth God require of us, that we may escape his wrath and curse due to us for sin? A. To escape the wrath and curse of God due to us for sin, God requireth of us faith in Jesus Christ, repentance unto life,(1) with the diligent use of all the outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption.(2) (1) Ac 20:21 (2) Pr 2:1-5; Pr 8:33-36; Isa 55:3 Q86 What is faith in Jesus Christ? A. Faith in Jesus Christ is a saving grace,(1) whereby we receive and rest upon him alone for salvation, as he is offered to us in the gospel.(2) (1) Heb 10:39 (2) Jn 1:12; Isa 26:3,4; Php 3:9; Gal 2:16 Q87 What is repentance unto life? A. Repentance unto life is a saving grace,(1) whereby a sinner, out of a true sense of his sin,(2) and apprehension of the mercy of God in Christ,(3) doth, with grief and hatred of his sin, turn from it unto God,(4) with full purpose of, and endeavour after, new obedience.(5) (1) Ac 11:18 (2) Ac 2:37,38 (3) Joel 2:12; Jer 3:22 (4) Jer 31:18,19 (5) Eze 36:31 Q88 What are the outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption? A. The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption, are his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.(1) (1) Mt 28:19,20; Ac 2:42,46,47 Q89 How is the word made effectual to salvation? A. The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the word, an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith, unto salvation.(1) (1) Ne 8:8; 1Co 14:24,25; Ac 26:18; Ps 19:8; Ac 20:32; Ro 15:4; 2Ti 3:15-17; Ro 10:-17; Ro 1:16 Q90 How is the word to be read and heard, that it may become effectual to salvation? A. That the word may become effectual to salvation, we must attend thereunto with diligence,(1) preparation,(2) and prayer;(3) receive it with faith and love,(4) lay it up in our hearts,(5) and practice it in our lives.(6) (1) Pr 8:34 (2) 1Pe 2:1,2 (3) Ps 119:18 (4) Heb 4:2; 2Th 2:10 (5) Ps 119:11 (6) Lk 8:15; Jas 1:25 Q91 How do the sacraments become effectual means of salvation? A. The sacraments become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them, or in him that doth administer them; but only by the blessing of Christ,(1) and the working of his spirit in them that by faith receive them.(2) (1) 1Pe 3:21; Mt 3:11; 1Co 3:6,7 (2) 1Co 12:13 Q92 What is a sacrament? A. A sacrament is an holy ordinance instituted by Christ, wherein, by sensible signs, Christ, and the benefits of the new covenant, are represented, sealed, and applied to believers.(1) (1) Ge 17:7,10; Ex 12:throughout; 1Co 11:23,26 Q93 Which are the sacraments of the New Testament? A. The sacraments of the New Testament are, Baptism,(1) and the Lord's supper.(2) (1) Mt 28:19 (2) Mt 26:26-28 Q94 What is baptism? A. Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost,(1) doth signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord's.(2) (1) Mt 28:19 (2) Ro 6:4; Gal 3:27 Q95 To whom is baptism to be administered? A. Baptism is not to be administered to any that are out of the visible church, till they profess their faith in Christ, and obedience to him;(1) but the infants of such as are members of the visible church are to be baptized.(2) (1) Ac 8:36,37; Ac 2:38 (2) Ac 2:38,39; Ge 17:10 compared with Col 2:11,12; 1Co 7:14 Q96 What is the Lord's supper? A. The Lord's supper is a sacrament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ's appointment, his death is showed forth; and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace.(1) (1) 1Co 11:23-26; 1Co 10:16 Q97 What is required to the worthy receiving of the Lord's supper? A. It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lord's supper, that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lord's body,(1) of their faith to feed upon him,(2) of their repentance,(3) love,(4) and new obedience;(5) lest, coming unworthily, they eat and drink judgment to themselves.(6) (1) 1Co 11:28,29 (2) 2Co 13:5 (3) 1Co 11:31 (4) 1Co 10:16,17 (5) 1Co 5:7,8 (6) 1Co 11:28,29 Q98 What is prayer? A. Prayer is an offering up of our desires unto God,(1) for things agreeable to his will,(2) in the name of Christ,(3) with confession of our sins,(4) and thankful acknowledgment of his mercies.(5) (1) Ps 62:8 (2) 1Jn 5:14 (3) Jn 16:23 (4) Ps 32:5,6; Da 9:4 (5) Php 4:6 Q99 What rule hath God given for our direction in prayer? A. The whole word of God is of use to direct us in prayer,(1) but the special rule of direction is that form of prayer which Christ taught his disciples, commonly called The Lord's prayer.(2) (1) 1Jn 5:14 (2) Mt 6:9-18 compared with Lk 11:2-4 Q100 What doth the preface of the Lord's prayer teach us? A. The preface of the Lord's prayer (which is, Our Father which art in heaven(1)) teacheth us to draw near to God with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a father, able and ready to help us;(2) and that we should pray with and for others.(3) (1) Mt 6:9 (2) Ro 8:15; Lk 11:13 (3) Ac 12:5; 1Ti 2:1,2 Q101 What do we pray for in the first petition? A. In the first petition (which is, Hallowed by thy name(1)) we pray, That God would enable us and others to glorify him in all that whereby he maketh himself known;(2) and that he would dispose all things to his own glory.(3) (1) Mt 6:9 (2) Ps 67:2,3 (3) Ps 83 throughout Q102 What do we pray for in the second petition? A. In the second petition (which is, Thy kingdom come(1)) we pray, That Satan's kingdom may be destroyed;(2) and that the kingdom of grace may be advanced,(3) ourselves and others brought into it, and kept in it;(4) and that the kingdom of glory may be hastened.(5) (1) Mt 6:10 (2) Ps 68:1,18 (3) Rev 12:10,11 (4) 2Th 3:1; Ro 10:1; Jn 17:9,20 (5) Rev 22:20 Q103 What do we pray for in the third petition? A. In the third petition (which is, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven(1)) we pray, That God, by his grace, would make us able and willing to know, obey, and submit to his will in all things,(2) as the angels do in heaven.(3) (1) Mt 6:10 (2) Ps 67 throughout; Ps 119:36; Mt 26:39; 2Sa 15:25; Job 1:21 (3) Ps 103:20,21 Q104 What do we pray for in the fourth petition? A. In the fourth petition (which is, Give us this day our daily bread(1)) we pray, That of God's free gift we may receive a competent portion of the good things of this life, and enjoy his blessing with them.(2) (1) Mt 6:11 (2) Pr 30:8,9; Ge 28:20; 1Ti 4:4,5 Q105 What do we pray for in the fifth petition? A. In the fifth petition (which is, And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors(1)) we pray, That God, for Christ's sake, would freely pardon all our sins;(2) which we are the rather encouraged to ask, because by his grace we are enable from the heart to forgive others.(3) (1) Mt 6:12 (2) Ps 51:1,2,7,9; Da 9:17,18,19 (3) Lk 11:4; Mt 18:35 Q106 What do we pray for in the sixth petition? A. In the sixth petition (which is, And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil(1) we pray, that God would either keep us from being tempted to sin,(2) or support and deliver us when we are tempted.(3) (1) Mt 6:13 (2) Mt 26:41 (3) 2Co 12:7,8 Q107 What doth the conclusion of the Lord's prayer teach us? A. The conclusion of the Lord's prayer (which is, For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever, Amen(1)) teacheth us to take our encouragement in prayer from God only,(2) and in our prayers to praise him, ascribing kingdom, power, and glory to him.(3) And, in testimony of our desire, and assurance to be heard, we say, Amen.(4) (1) Mt 6:13 (2) Da 9:4,7-9,16-19 (3) 1Ch 29:10-13 (4) 1Co 14:16; Rev 22:20,21 |